Stature and its estimation utilizing arm span measurements in Kosovan adults: national survey / Estatura y su estimación utilizando mediciones de brazos en adultos kosovares: encuesta nacional

The purpose of this research is to examine stature in both Kosovan sexes as well as its association with arm span, as an alternative to estimating stature. A total of 1623 individuals (830 boys and 793 girls) participated in this research. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of ISAK. The relationships between stature and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients at a ninety-five percent confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was carried out to examine extent to which arm span can reliably predict stature. Results displayed that Kosovan boys are 179.52±5.96 cm tall and have an arm span of 181.29±7.02 cm, while Kosovan girls are 165.72±4.93 cm tall and have an arm span of 165.60±5.87 cm. The results have shown that both sexes made Kosovans a tall nation but not even close to be in the top tallest nations. Moreover, the arm span reliably predicts stature in both sexes.

El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar la talla en individuos kosovares de ambos sexos, así como su asociación con la extensión de brazo como una alternativa para la estimación de estatura. En la investigación participaron 1623 personas (830 hombres y 793 mujeres) . Las mediciones antropométricas se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo de ISAK. Las relaciones entre la talla y la extensión del brazo se determinó utilizando coeficientes de correlación simple con un 95 % de confianza. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión lineal para examinar hasta qué punto la extensión de brazo puede predecir la estatura. Los resultados mostraron que los varones kosovares tienen 179.52 ± 5.96 cm de altura y tienen una extensión de brazo de 181.29 ± 7.02 cm, mientras que las mujeres kosovares tienen 165.72 ± 4.93 cm de altura y extensión de brazo de 165.60 ± 5.87 cm. Los resultados indicaron que los individuos kosovares de ambos sexos son una población alta, sin embargo las mediciones no se acercaron a poblaciones en las naciones de mayor altura. Además, la extensión de brazo fue predecible en cuanto a la estatura en ambos sexos.

Bilateral Subcapital Femoral Neck Fracture in a 28 Year Old Postpartum Woman.

INTRODUCTION: Subcapital femoral neck fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. These fractures mostly occur as a result of a high-force impact from traffic accidents and a fall from a great height, though non-traumatic forms are described in transient osteoporosis during the second half of pregnancy, in convulsions during electric shock, eclampsia, hypocalcemia, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy and myeloma. CASE REPORT: In this report we present a bilateral subcapital femoral neck fracture in a woman sustained two days after delivery. The right hip fracture was treated with fixation using three spongious screws without capsular decompression, while for the left hip a capsular decompression by open reduction and fixation was performed. Physical treatment based on active and passive movements was immediately initiated. The patient was able to rest upon her right leg within seven and upon the left leg within eight months. X-Rays showed the accurate position of fragments and implants throughout the recovery period. Twelve years later, the patient made a full recovery and the x-rays showed that both femoral heads are vital and fully recovered. CONCLUSION: Early anatomical reconstruction followed by internal fixation is crucial in the prevention of long-term complications. Complications of internal fixations include non-union (10-30%), avascular necrosis (15-33%), deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

Treatment of Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures after Total Hip Arthroplasty Vancouver Type B.

The rate of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip replacement has been growing steadily in the last 20 years and ranges from 0.1% to 2.1%. These fractures are mostly related to older patients with the presence of chronic diseases and frequently poor bone quality. The treatment is surgically very complex and demanding, followed by a series of complications. The evaluation in this retrospective study included 23 patients who were medically treated from January 2004 to December 2015 with the mean follow-up of 14.5 (range, 9-25) months. There were 17 patients with cement total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 6 with cementless THA. During treatment of fractures, different techniques were implemented including the use of wire cerclage, dynamic compression plates (DCP), a locking compression plate (LCP) system, and long revision stem. For the purpose of distinguishing fractures, we used the Vancouver classification by Duncan and Masri. For clinical evaluation, we used the modified Merle d'Aubigne score system and monitored complications during treatment. The aim is to show treatment results of the type B periprosthetic femoral fractures by using different operative treatment techniques. According to the Vancouver classification within type B, 10 (43.47%) patients had type B1 fractures, another 10 (43.47%) patients had type B2 fractures, and three (13.04%) patients had type B3 fractures. According to gender distribution, there were eight (34.8%) male and 15 (65.2%) female patients, mean age 59.5 (range, 47-86) years. Twelve (52.2%) and 11 (47.8%) patients had left- and right-sided fractures, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 16 (range, 9-26) days. According to the Merle d'Aubigne score system, 10 patients with type B1 fractures had the mean score of 11.5 points, which is poor result. Poor result was also recorded in patients with type B2 fractures, with the mean score of 10.6 points. The three patients with type B3 fractures had the mean score of 12 points, which is considered fair score. In conclusion, Vancouver classification has been widely accepted and using the protocols makes decision making during treatment much easier. During treatment of this type of fracture, we used various implants, wire cerclage, DCP and LCP, as well as long stem revision. In certain cases, we applied surgical techniques, implants that are not recommended by the Vancouver protocol by which we treated periprosthetic femoral fractures; in these case, we recorded nonunion bone, malunion and breaking of implants, which resulted in poor treatment outcome.

TREATMENT OF MEDIAL MENISCUS INJURY WITH PARTIAL MENISCECTOMY.

Partial meniscectomy involves partial removal of the meniscus. This can vary from minor trimming of the damaged part of the meniscus to the removal of the rip from the meniscocapsular junction. Meniscus tears are the most common knee injury. They may occur in acute knee injuries in younger patients, or as part of a degenerative process in older individuals. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the method of choice for treatment of medial meniscus injuries that, in well selected cases, resulted in a small rate of complications and fast rehabilitation. The study analyzed the results of arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy in 99 patients, in the period from 2005 to 2013, with follow up of 12-14 months. In our series of arthroscopically treated medial meniscus, tears were found in 29 patients with vertical complete bucket handle lesions, 14 with vertical incomplete lesions, 9 with longitudinal tears, 13 with oblique tears, 11 with complex, flap and degenerative lesions, 10 with radial lesions and 13 with horizontal lesions. The mean preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee score was 52.52%, then 81.81% at one month and 92.92% at six months of arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. Arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. This procedure is an acceptable and effective long-term treatment, particularly in patients without significant articular cartilage damage, and is associated with minimal morbidity.

Importance of Herrings classification in predicting the outcome of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.

AIM: To highlight the importance of values of the ​​Herring's classification in the treatment planning of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD). METHOD: The charts of 14 patients in a period of 4 years (2004-2008) were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria was unilateral LCPD and contralateral healthy hip. The patients were divided into three Herring groups according to radiographic images (A, B and C). For all patients the acetabulum/head index (AHI) was determined. RESULTS: The youngest patient was 4.9 years and the oldest 9.11 years; male patients were dominant (male:female 11:3). The right hip side was more affected comparing to the left one (8:6). The distribution of patients in Herring groups was three in the Group A, six in the Group B and five patients in the Group C. The AHI index was lowest in the group C. Patients in the group C were treated surgically. CONCLUSION: Herrings classification predicts patients with extensive changes and suggests what kind of treatment should be applied.

Comparative study of surgical treatment of acromioclavicular luxation.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Acromioclavicular (AC) luxations most often affect athletes. The published results regarding the treatment of AC joint luxations vary. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, so there is still no consensus on the best method of treatment. The aim of this study was to review the results of a number of surgical approaches to stabilization of AC joint recorded over the span of five years. METHODS: This study was based on the data acquired from the analysis of 28 patients with AC luxation surgically treated in the Clinical Center of Montenegro. One group of 16 patients underwent the traditional AO method (with transfixation of AC joint with Kirschner wire and Zuggurtung tension bands) or the Bosworth method (using the coracoclavicular transfixation screw--Zugg-Bosw group). The second group of 12 patients underwent a newer techinque with the Hook plate (Hook plate group). RESULTS: All the patients had AC luxation of higher degree, stage IV-VI acording to the Rockwood scale. The average age of the two groups was very similar, with 28 being the average age of the Zugg-Bosw group, and 25 of the Hook plate group. Most patients were males (82%), injured mostly during athletic activity (75%-83%). Complications were more common and more complex in the Zugg-Bosw group, with 2 early and 8 late comlications. There are only 3 late complications in the Hook plate group, but with no significant statistical difference (p = 0.19; t = -1.34; df = 27). With respect to the subjective patient satisfaction following the treatment, the Hook plate group gave significantly better evaluations (4.4 +/- 0.19) (p = 0.007; t = 2.95; df = 27). Constant score showed no significant statistical difference (p = 0.078; t = 1.8; df = 27). The Hook plate group had a better median score (90 +/- 0.18) with respect to the Zugg-Bosw group (85 +/- 0.40). CONCLUSION: The Hook plate method achieved somewhat better results, which indicate that this method is one of the ways to ensure a strong, stable fixation of the AC joint without transfixation. At the same time, this method does not inhibit the ligament healing and allows an early mobilisation.